Composite panel having perforated foam core and method of making the same

ABSTRACT

A panel for a trailer and a method of making the same is provided. The trailer includes a front wall, a rear wall opposite the front wall, a first sidewall, and a second sidewall. The first sidewall is formed by a first continuous laminate panel that extends an entire length of the first sidewall, and the second sidewall is formed by a second continuous laminate panel that extends an entire length of the second sidewall. The first continuous laminate panel and the second continuous laminate panel each comprise a first skin, a second skin opposite the first skin, and a perforated core between the first skin and the second skin.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/912,970, filed on Mar. 6, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 14/454,097, filed Aug. 7, 2014 and issued as U.S.Pat. No. 9,908,315 on Mar. 6, 2018, which is a division of U.S.application Ser. No. 13/204,762 filed on Aug. 8, 2011, which claimspriority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 61/372,259 filed on Aug. 10, 2010, the entire contents of which areincorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a composite panel for astorage container, such as a truck trailer, for example. In particular,the present invention relates to a perforated foam core of the compositepanel.

BACKGROUND

Many storage containers, such as large truck trailers, for example,include sidewalls made from composite panels. Illustratively, suchcomposite panels may include a plastic core member sandwiched betweenthin metal skins. The composite panels are thereafter joined together tocreate the trailer sidewall. For example, DURAPLATE® composite panelsprovided by Wabash National Corporation of Lafayette, Ind. areconstructed of a high-density polyethylene plastic core bonded betweentwo high-strength steel skins.

SUMMARY

The present invention may comprise one or more of the features recitedin the attached claims, and/or one or more of the following features andcombinations thereof.

According to one aspect, a trailer is provided, comprising a front wall,a rear wall opposite the front wall, a first sidewall, and a secondsidewall. The first sidewall is formed by a first continuous laminatepanel that extends an entire length of the first sidewall, and thesecond sidewall is formed by a second continuous laminate panel thatextends an entire length of the second sidewall. The first continuouslaminate panel and the second continuous laminate panel each comprise afirst skin, a second skin opposite the first skin, and a perforated corebetween the first skin and the second skin.

According to a further aspect, a composite panel for use in a sidewallof a trailer is provided. The composite panel comprises an outer metalsheet, an inner metal sheet, and a core member positioned between theinner metal sheet and the outer metal sheet. The core member comprises atop edge, a bottom edge, a right edge, and a left edge. The core memberfurther comprises a perforated region comprising a plurality of rows ofapertures formed therethrough, where the plurality of rows are eachseparated from one another by a first distance, and an unperforatedregion free of apertures, where the unperforated region extends from thetop edge to the perforated region by a second distance different fromthe first distance.

According to an additional aspect, a trailer is provided, comprising afront wall, a rear wall opposite the front wall, a first sidewallincluding a first laminate panel, and a second sidewall including asecond laminate panel. The first laminate panel and the second laminatepanel each comprise a first edge, a second edge, a first skin, a secondskin opposite the first skin, and a perforated core between the firstskin and the second skin. The perforated core comprises a plurality ofrows of apertures formed therethrough, and an aperture-free bandextending from the first edge to the second edge, where theaperture-free band receives a fastener therethrough.

According to yet another aspect, a method of continuously forming acomposite panel along a single production line is provided. The methodcomprises forming a hot thermal plastic sheet of material and providingthe hot thermal plastic sheet of material to a punch having punchmembers protruding outwardly therefrom. The method further comprisesdisplacing slugs of material from the hot thermal plastic sheet ofmaterial via the punch members, the punch members arranged on the punchto create a perforated region in the hot thermal plastic sheet ofmaterial comprising a plurality of rows of apertures formedtherethrough, where the plurality of rows are each separated from oneanother by a first distance, and an unperforated region in the hotthermal plastic sheet of material free of apertures, where theunperforated region extends from a top edge of the hot thermal plasticsheet of material to the perforated region by a second distancedifferent from the first distance. The method also comprises coupling anouter metal sheet and an inner metal sheet to opposite surfaces of thehot thermal plastic sheet of material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a trailer having sidewalls including aplurality of composite panels.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of one of the composite panelsof FIG. 1 showing two outer metal skins and an inner foam core of thepanel.

FIG. 3 is a perspective, exploded view of the composite panel of FIG. 2showing the foam core including a plurality of holes formedtherethrough.

FIG. 4 is a planar view of the foam core of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a planar view of an alternative foam core.

FIG. 6 is a schematic of a first method of making the composite panelFIG. 2.

FIG. 7 is a schematic of a second method of making the composite panelof FIG. 2.

FIG. 8 is a schematic of a third method of making of a composite panelhaving the foam core of FIG. 5.

FIG. 9 is a schematic of a fourth method of making a composite panelhaving an alternative foam core.

FIG. 10 is a schematic of a fifth method of making a composite panelhaving an alternative foam core.

FIG. 11 is a planar view of an alternative foam core.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a portion of two adjacent compositepanels of a sidewall of a trailer which are coupled to each other via acoupling joint and which include the alternative foam core of FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a portion of two adjacent compositepanels of a sidewall of a trailer which are coupled to each other via ashiplap joint and which include the alternative foam core of FIG. 11.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of theinvention, reference will now be made to illustrative embodiments shownin the attached drawings and specific language will be used to describethe same. While the concepts of this disclosure are described inrelation to a truck trailer, it will be understood that they are equallyapplicable to other mobile or stationary storage containers, as well asrefrigerated and un-refrigerated trailers or storage containers.

Looking first to FIGS. 1-3, a truck trailer 10 includes a roof assembly12 coupled to opposite sidewalls 16, a front end wall assembly 18, and arear end wall assembly (not shown) including an overhead door.Alternatively, the rear end wall assembly may include two rear doorsmounted in a conventional manner such that the doors are is hingedlycoupled to and swing relative to a rear frame between opened and closedpositions. Illustratively, the trailer 10 also includes a floor assembly(not shown) spaced apart from the roof assembly 12. Furtherillustratively, the trailer 10 is connected to a tractor 20 byconventional means, such as a fifth wheel, for example.

Illustratively, each sidewall 16 and the front end wall 18 of thetrailer 10 are made from a plurality of composite panels 22. Thecomposite panels 22 may be coupled to each other using a number ofdifferent fasteners and/or joint configurations. Illustratively, thecomposite panels 22 are coupled to each other via joint configurations24 including a logistics plate (not shown) and a splicing plate 28. Suchjoint configurations are described in greater detail in U.S. Pat. No.7,069,702, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by referenceherein. Of course, it should be understood that other jointconfigurations and other fasteners (including rivets, screws, bolts,nails, welding, adhesives, and the like) may be used to couple adjacentcomposite panels 22 together as well.

Illustratively, each composite panel 22 is generally rectangular havinga height greater than its width. The composite panels 22 may berelatively equal in size, or, alternatively, the width and/or thicknessof each composite panel 22 may vary. When the composite panels 22 areused in the construction of the sidewalls 16 and the front wall assembly18, each composite panel 22 is connected to the floor assembly andextends upwardly therefrom such that each panel 22 is attached to upperand lower rails 27, 29 of the trailer 10 by suitable joining members,such as bolts or rivets, for example. When the composite panels 22 areused in the construction of the rear doors, the outer composite panelsare connected to the respective sidewalls 16 of the trailer 10 byhinges. When closed, the doors extend upwardly from the floor assembly.Although the trailer 10 includes a plurality of composite panels 22coupled to each other to form a single sidewall 16, it is within thescope of this disclosure to provide a trailer having a front end walland/or sidewalls which are formed from one continuous composite panel.

Looking now to FIG. 2, each composite panel 22 includes a inner metalsheet 30, an outer metal sheet 32, and a foamed thermal plastic coremember 34 positioned between the inner and outer sheets 30, 32.Illustratively, as is described in greater detail below, the inner andouter metal sheets 30, 32 are bonded to the core member 34, by a thinadhesive layer (not shown). In particular, the sheets 30, 32, are bondedto the foamed thermal plastic core member 34 by a suitable flexibleadhesive bonding film such as, for example, modified polyethylene. Ofcourse, it should be understood that any suitable adhesive may be usedas well. When fully assembled, the outer sheets 32 of each panel 20cooperate to form an outer surface of the sidewalls 16 of the trailer 10while the inner sheets 30 of each panel 20 cooperate to form an innersurface of the sidewalls 16 of the trailer 10.

The metal sheets 30, 32 of each composite panel 20 of the presentdisclosure may be formed of aluminum or full hard, high strength, hightension, galvanized steel. However, other metals or metal alloys may beused as well. Illustratively, each sheet 30, 32 has a thickness ofgreater than nine-teen thousandths of an inch. However, sheets 30, 32having lesser thicknesses may be used as well.

The core member 34 is formed from a foamed thermal plastic, preferablyfoamed high density polyethylene (HDPE) or high density polyproplylene.Core weight reduction is often achieved by the addition of a gas duringthe extrusion process in order to produce a foamed thermal plastic, suchas the core member 34. This gas, which is typically carbon dioxide, canbe physically injected or liberated from chemical additives, creates afoamed core. As such, the core member 34 includes a plurality of airbubbles interspersed with the thermal plastic material. This foaming ofthe core member 34 lowers the density of the thermal plastic andimproves the strength to weight ratio thereof. The foaming of the coremember 34 also reduces the weight of the composite panel 22 as comparedto a composite panel having a solid, non-foamed core member. Further,the foamed core member 34 uses less plastic resin versus a solid coremember. How-ever, the extent to which the density and the weightreduction may be achieved using this method may be limited by physicalprocess dynamics and needs to maintain acceptable core surface cosmeticappearance and surface area available for effective bonding of the metalsheets to the core.

While the illustrative core member 34 is formed from a foamed HDPE, thecore member 34 may alternatively be made from foamed low density thermalplastic, such as foamed low density polyethylene or low densitypolypropylene. Low density thermal plastic will foam and produce aresilient core member as well. Further, it is within the scope of thisdisclosure for the core member 34 to be formed from a non-foamed high orlow density thermal plastic as well.

The core member 34 is generally resilient and is able to flex a certaindegree without breaking. Illustratively, the core member 34 isapproximately one half of an inch thick or less. However, the coremember 34 may be made to define any suitable or desired thickness.

In order to further reduce the density-to-weight ratio beyond that whichis achieved by the foaming process (discussed in greater detail below),holes, or apertures 40, are formed into the core member 34, as shown inFIG. 3. These apertures 40 each penetrate the full thickness of the coremember 34. In other words, each hole 40 extends from an outer surface 42of the core member 34 to an inner surface 44 of the foamed core member34. Illustratively, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the core member 34includes a plurality of apertures 40 which are generally evenly spacedthroughout the core member 34. Further illustratively, the plurality ofapertures 40 are arranged in alternating rows of apertures 40 to createan array of apertures of the core member 34. Further illustratively,each aperture 40 is circular in shape and has a diameter in the range ofapproximately ¼ inch to ½ inch.

Illustratively, the apertures 40 shown in FIG. 4 do not open into eitherthe top, bottom or side edges 50, 52, 54 of the core member 34. In otherwords, the top, bottom, and side edges 50, 52, 54 of the core member aregenerally solid in that no formed or manufactured apertures are locatedtherein. Specifically, no apertures are formed in the outer edges 50,52, 54 of the foam core member 34 by a punch or a different type of toolduring the manufacturing process. As such, the inner and outer sheets30, 32 of the composite panel 22 are continuously coupled to therespective inner and outer surfaces 42, 44 of the core member 34 alongthe top, bottom, and side edges 50, 52, 54 thereof. However, it shouldbe understood that the core member 34 may include apertures 40 which arelocated at, or open up into, one or more of the top, bottom, and/or sideedges 50, 52, 54 of the core member 34.

It should be understood that while the particular pattern of apertures40 of the illustrative core member 34 is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4,apertures 40 may be arranged in any suitable pattern on the core member34. Further, the apertures 40 may be located on only one side (e.g.,right, left, top, or bottom) or on only a portion of the core member 34.In other words, the apertures 40 need not be positioned to covergenerally the entire surface area of the core member 34 from the top ofthe core member 34 to bottom of the core member 34 and from one side ofthe core member 34 to the other side of the core member 34. For example,while generally the entire core member 34 is perforated to include theapertures 40 positioned throughout, it should be understood that theapertures may be positioned in other suitable configurations that do notspan the width and/or height of the core member 34. However, generallynone of the apertures 40 disclosed herein includes a length or a widthwhich is equal to the respective length and width of the core member 34.In other words, none of the core members disclosed herein include a voidwhich extend from one of the top, bottom and/or side edges of the coremember 34 to any other of the top, bottom, or side edges of the coremember 34. Accordingly, a length and a width (or a diameter, for thoseapertures which are circular in shape) of each aperture 40 is less thana respective length and width of the core member 34 in which it isformed. In particular, an alternative core member 534 is shown in FIG.11 and includes a pattern of apertures 40 that are spaced-apart from thetop, bottom, and side edges 50, 52, 54 of the core member 534.Specifically, a top-most, horizontal row 536 of apertures 40 isspaced-apart a distance 538 from the top edge 50 of the core member 534.Further, a left-most, vertical row 540 of apertures 40 (as viewed fromabove, as shown in FIG. 11) is spaced-apart a distance 542 from the leftside edge 54 of the core member 534. Illustratively, a bottom-most,horizontal row (not shown) of apertures 40 of the core member 534 isalso spaced-apart from the bottom edge (not shown) of the core member534 while a right-most, vertical row (not shown) of apertures 40 of thecore member 534 is also spaced-apart from the right-most edge (notshown) of the core member 534.

Illustratively, the distances 538 and 542 may be equal to each other ormay be different from each other. Further illustratively, the coremember 534, or any core member disclosed herein, may include anycombination of top-most, left and right side-most, and bottom-most rowsof apertures 40 which are spaced any other suitable distance away fromthe edges 50, 52, 54 of the core member 534. In particular, suchapertures may be spaced away from the edges 50, 52, 54 in order toprovide a suitable space for a fastener to be received through anaperture-free area or portion 550, 552 of the core member 534. In otherwords, the distances may be greater than or less than that which isshown in FIG. 11. Further, the core member 534 may include anycombination of top-most, left and right side-most, and bottom-most rowsof apertures which are not spaced a suitable distance apart from therespective top, side, and bottom edges 50, 52. 54 of the core member 534in order to be able to receive a fastener through an aperture-freeportion of the core member 534.

Illustratively, a diameter 554 of each aperture 40 is approximately0.250 inches. However, an aperture of any suitable size may be providedwithin the composite member 534. Further, a distance 558 between acenterpoint of adjacent, vertical rows of apertures 40 is approximately0.625 inch. Similarly, a distance 556 between a centerpoint of adjacenthorizontal rows of apertures 40 is also approximately 0.625 inch.However, any suitable distance may be provided between apertures ofadjacent horizontal rows or adjacent vertical rows. Furtherillustratively, a distance 560 between the left edge 54 of the coremember 534 and the center of the left-most row 540 of apertures 40 ofthe core member 534 may be approximately 0.50-6.00 inches while adistance 562 between the upper edge 50 of the core member 534 and thecenter of upper-most row 536 of apertures 40 of the core member 534 mayalso be approximately 0.50-6.00 inches. Preferably, the distance 560 ofthe core member 534 is approximately 6.00 inches while the distance 562of the core member 534 is approximately 2.00 inches. Illustratively, itshould be understood that the core member 534 is illustrative in natureand that other core members having apertures of different shapes andsizes may be provided. Further, core members having different distancesbetween vertical and/or horizontal rows of apertures may be provided andcore members having different distances between outer edges and theapertures may be provided as well. Finally, it need not be required thatsuch distances are consistent throughout a single core member.

Illustratively, the spaced-apart rows 536, 540 of apertures 40 from therespective top and sides 50, 54 of the core member 534 provide a topportion 550 and a side portion 552 of the core member 534 that is freefrom, or that does not include, any apertures 40. The top portion 550 ofthe core member 534 is positioned between the top edge 50 of the coremember 534 and the top-most, horizontal row 536 of apertures 40 of thecore member 534. The side portion 552 of the core member 534 ispositioned between the left-most, side edge 54 of the core member 534and the left-most, vertical row 540 of the apertures 40 of the coremember 534.

As discussed above, the top portion 550 and the side portion 552 of thecore member 534 provide areas free from apertures 40 that may be used tosecure fasteners therethrough in order to couple one core member 534 toanother core member 534 and/or to couple the core member 534 to anotherobject. In particular, rivets, for example, may be punched through theaperture-free portions 550,552 of the core member 534 in order to couplethe core member 534, or the entire composite panel to which the coremember 534 belongs, to another object, including, but not limited toadjacent core members 534 and/or adjacent composite panels. Further,fasteners, may also be punched through the aperture-free top and bottomportions of the composite panels to which the core member 534 belongs inorder to couple top and bottom rails (not shown) of a trailer to thecomposite panels. In particular, after the composite panel is formed andthe inner and outer sheets 30, 32 are attached to the core member 534including the apertures 40 and the aperture-free portions 550, 552,rivet-receiving holes may be punched through the formed composite panel(i.e., the inner sheet 30, the aperture-free portions 550, 552 of thecore member 534, and the outer sheet 32) such that rivets may then bereceived through such rivet-receiving holes.

Looking to FIG. 12, for example, a portion of a sidewall 551 of atrailer includes a first composite panel 522 having the core member 534,and an inner metal sheet 30 and an outer metal sheet 32 each coupled tothe core member 534 via the use of an adhesive. Illustratively, thesidewall 551 includes a second composite panel 524 similarly having thecore member 534, and an inner metal sheet 30 and an outer metal 32 eachcoupled to the core member 534 via the use of an adhesive. The first andsecond composite panels 522, 524 are adjacent to and spaced-apart fromeach other in a side-by-side manner. A wall panel joint 560 including alogistics member 562 and a splicing member 564 is provided to couple theadjacent composite panels 522, 524 together. Illustratively, the rivets570 used to couple the wall panel joint 560 to the composite panels 522,524 are positioned within the side, aperture-free portion 552 of eachcore member 534 of the panels 522, 524. The same and/or similar wallpanel joint is discussed in greater detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,220,651,the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.Illustratively, the wall panel joints discussed in the '651 patent maybe used to join together one or more adjacent composite panels disclosedherein.

While the composite panels 522, 524 of FIG. 12 are joined together bythe wall panel joint 560 in order to form at least a portion of asidewall of a trailer, it should be under-stood that other wall panelmay be used as well. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, a portion of analternative sidewall 581 includes a first composite panel 582 and asecond composite panel 584 each including the core member 534, an innermetal sheet 30, and an outer metal sheet 32. The composite panels 582,584 are joined together by a joint 590. In particular, the joint 590 isa shiplap joint. As shown in FIG. 13, each composite panel 582, 584includes an overlapping skin member 592 for overlapping a portion of oneof the respective metal sheets 30, 32. Preferably, this overlapping skinmember 592 is integrally formed as part of the respective metal sheet30, 32 of each composite panel 582, 584. However, it is envisioned thatthe overlapping skin member 590 may be a separate member attached to thecomposite panels 582, 584 by suitable means. Illustratively, theoverlapping skin member 590 of each panel 582, 584 is provided foroverlapping a portion of the respective inner and outer sheets 30, 32 ofthe other, adjacent panel 582, 584. As shown in FIG. 13, a side endportion of the respective sheets 30, 32 of the panels 582, 584 arecoined or stepped by suitable means so as to form a stepped end portion.Because the stepped end portion has been stepped a distance which isequal to the thickness of the overlapping skin member 590, the surfaceformed by the adjacent panels 582, 584 is substantially flush. Thisprevents the overlapping skin members 592 from being snagged by anoutside object. A conventional rivet member 594 is then engaged throughaligned rivet-receiving holes provided through the overlapping skinmember 592 of the first composite panel 582 and the stepped end portionof the second composite panel 584. A second conventional rivet member595 is engaged through aligned rivet-receiving holes provided throughthe stepped end portion of the first composite panel 582 and theoverlapping skin member 592 of the second composite panel 584.Illustratively, the rivets 594,595 used to couple the composite panels582, 584 together are positioned within the side, aperture-free portion552 of each core member 534 of the panels 582,584. In other words, thestepped end portions of the first and second composite panels 582, 584include the aperture-free portions 552 of the core member 534. The sameand/or similar wall panel joint is discussed in greater detail in U.S.Pat. No. 5,938,274, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated byreference herein. Illustratively, the wall panel joints discussed in the'274 patent may be used to join together one or more adjacent compositepanels dis-closed herein.

It should be understood that the aperture-free portions 550, 552 of thefoam core 534 of the composite panels disclosed herein are free ofapertures prior to the process of being joined to adjacent compositepanels. The aperture-free portions 550, 552 provide suitableaperture-free areas or portions of the composite panels for having arivet-receiving hole formed therethrough. In other words, the apertures40 are non-rivet or non-fastener-receiving apertures that are differentfrom the rivet-receiving holes formed through the already-formedcomposite panels. These rivet-receiving holes are formed through theentire thickness of the composite panels including the inner and outersheets 30, 32 and are not only formed through the foam core contrary tothe apertures 40 disclosed herein which are formed only through the foamcore of a composite panel. In other words, the aperture-free portionsdefine an area of the foam core of a composite panel which does notinclude any apertures that are formed only through the foam core of thecomposite panel. Accordingly, the aperture-free portions may later haverivet-receiving holes formed therein. Thus, aperture-free portions 550,552 of the composite panel may include rivet-receiving holes which maylater be formed through the composite panel in order to join twoadjacent composite panels together.

Illustratively, the pattern of the apertures 40 of the core member 534is different than the pattern of the apertures 40 of the core member 34shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In particular, the pattern of the apertures 534of the core member 534 includes vertical and horizontal rows ofapertures 40 that are all aligned with each other. In other words, everyvertical row of apertures 40 of the core member 534 is aligned withevery adjacent vertical row of apertures 40 of the core member 534.Further, every horizontal row of apertures 40 of the core member 534 isaligned with every adjacent horizontal row of apertures 40 of the coremember 534. However, the pattern of the apertures 40 of the core member34 includes staggered, or offset, vertical and horizontal rows ofapertures 40, as shown in FIG. 4, such that every other vertical row ofapertures 40 of the core member 34 is aligned with every other (and notevery adjacent) vertical row of apertures 40 of the core member 34 andevery horizontal row of apertures 40 of the core member 34 is alignedwith every other (and not every adjacent) horizontal row of apertures 40of the core member 34. Illustratively, while the specific patterns ofapertures 40 are shown in the core member 34 and the core member 534, itshould be understood that a core member may be provided which includesany suitable pattern of apertures formed therethrough including anynumber of aligned and/or misaligned horizontal and vertical rows ofapertures. Further, a random array of apertures having not particularpattern may be provided as well.

While the particular apertures 40 of each of the core members 34, 534are circular in shape, it should be understood that the members 34, 534may include apertures 40 of any shape, such as square, rectangular,triangular, oval, etc. Further, it should be understood that the coremembers 34, 534 may each include apertures of any suitable size havingany suitable dimensions. Finally, while the core members 34, 534 eachinclude an array of apertures 40 which are all of the same shape andsize, it should be understood that the core members 34, 534 may includeapertures of varying dimension, size, and/or shape. In other words,while the apertures 40 of the illustrative core members 34, 534 are allof uniform shape and size, the core members 34, 534 may each include anynumber of apertures having different sizes and/or shapes. In otherwords, the spacing, dimension, and geometry of the apertures of the coremembers 34, 534 may be different and optimized according to specificproduction process and performance specifications. Finally, while theapertures 40 of each of the core members 34, 534 are shown to be spaceda particular distance apart from each other that is generally uniform,it should be understood that the core members 34, 534 may each includeapertures which are spaced further or closer apart than that which isshown and may also include apertures which are spaced a non-uniformdistance from adjacent apertures.

Looking to FIG. 5, for example, an alternative core member 134 issimilar to the core members 34, 534. As such, like reference numeralsare used to denote like components. Rather than the circular-shapedapertures 40 of the core members 34, 534, the core member 134 includes aplurality of generally diamond-shaped apertures 140. Illustratively, thediamond-shaped apertures 140 are approximately ¼ inch to ¾ inch wide and½ inch to ¾ inch tall. However, the apertures 140 may have any suitableheight and/or width. As discussed above in regard to the apertures 40,the apertures 140 extend through the entire thickness of the core member134 from the outside surface 42 to the inside surface 44 of the coremember 134.

Looking now to FIG. 6, an illustrative process or method 150 for makingthe composite panel 22 is schematically illustrated. Illustratively, afoamed core sheet 80 is first made by mixing foaming beads or pellets 82with thermal plastic resin beads or pellets 84. These pellets 82, 84 aremixed in a mixing chamber 86 using an auger (not shown). The foamingpellets 82 have a gas therein, such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen, forexample. The mixed pellets 82, 84 are subjected to heat in a hot diechamber 88 and the foaming pellets 82 activate and produce carbondioxide or nitrogen to foam the mixture. The mixture is then extrudedinto a layer by an extruder 90 to form the foamed core 80.Illustratively, the foamed core sheet 80 is approximately 350° F. uponleaving the extruder 90. It should be understood that other methods offoaming the core member may be provided such as by injecting nitrogeninto a heating chamber in which the thermal plastic resin pellets arebeing heated and are in a molten state (without the use of the foamingpellets being mixed there-with) and thereafter extruding the foamed corematerial onto a core member, or by using both the foaming pellets andthe direct injection of nitrogen gas into a heating chamber in whichboth the thermal plastic resin pellets and the foaming pellets are beingheated. Making a foamed core, such as the foamed core 80, is describedin greater detail in U.S. Application Publication No. 2001/0011832, theentirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. As notedabove, while the method 150 of making the composite panel 22 includesmaking the foamed core sheet 80, it should be under-stood that thecomposite panel 22 may include a non-foamed core sheet as well.

Once the foamed core sheet 80 is formed, a first set of rollers 92advances the foamed core 80 to a rotary die cutter 94 including an upperroller punch 96 and a lower roller 98. Illustratively, the rollers 92are chilled rollers in order to cool the hot, extruded foamed core sheet80. Further illustratively, the upper die roller punch 96 maybe anengraved steel cylinder on a roll-fed press. As shown in FIG. 6, theupper die roller 96 includes roller mounted hollow punches, orprotrusions, 100 having a circular cross-section. These protrusions 100operate to pierce the foamed core sheet 80 as it is advanced between theupper die roller 94 and the lower roller 96. The punches, or protrusions100, react against the bottom roller 98 on the opposite side of thefoamed core sheet 80. The protrusions 100 illustratively form theapertures 40 into the foamed core sheet 80 in order to produce the coremember 34.

During the die cutting process, slugs of material 102 displaced from thecore sheet 80 are produced. Illustratively, such slugs of material 102may be extracted from the bottom roller 98, recycled, and reused to makeadditional core sheets or other devices including foamed components aswell.

Once the core member 34, including the apertures 40, is formed, the coremember 34 is advanced through a set of upper and lower heated laminatingrollers 104, 106 where the inner and outer sheets 30, 32 are laminatedto each respective inner and outer surface 42, 44 of the core member 34.Illustratively, a layer of flexible adhesive (not shown) may be appliedto the inner surface of each of the sheets 30, 32 prior to laminatingthe sheets 30, 32 to the core member 34. Alternatively, the layer offlexible adhesive may be applied directly to the opposite surfaces 42,44 of the core member 34. Further alternatively, the opposite surfaces42, 44 of the core member 34 may be treated with a spray adhesive tocreate an adhesive bonding layer on the opposite surfaces 42, 44 suchthat the metal sheets 30, 32 may be directly bonded thereto. Regard-lessof the type of adhesive used or the method by which the adhesive isapplied, the inner and outer metal sheets 30, 32 are adhered to the coremember 34 by the adhesive layer under pressure in order to create thecomposite panel 22. Illustratively, after being formed, composite panel22 may be cut to any suitable length.

Looking now to FIG. 7, an alternative process or method 250 for makingthe composite panel 22 is schematically illustrated. Illustratively,much of the process includes the same or similar steps; as such, likereference numerals are used to denote like components. In particular,the foamed core sheet 80 is produced in the same manner as thatdescribed above in regard to FIG. 6. Once the foamed core sheet 80 isformed, the first set of rollers 92 advances the foamed core sheet 80 toa cam-actuated roller punch cutter 194 which similarly operates topierce the core sheet 80 in order to form the apertures 40 therethrough.Illustratively, the cam-actuated roller punch cutter 194 includes anupper roller 196 and a lower roller 198 against which the upper rollerpunch 196 reacts during the punch cutting process. The upper roller 196includes a cam member 199 having cam-actuated hollow punches 200 coupledthereto. In use, the cam-actuated hollow punches 200 are forced outthrough punch holes 202 formed in the roller punch 196 as the rollerpunch 196 is pivoted about its central axis. Further illustratively, thelower roller 198 includes die buttons or apertures 204 through which thecore slugs 108 may pass for removal from the process and subsequentrecycling. Once the core member 34 is formed through the use of thecam-actuated roller punch cutter 194, the composite panel 22 is formedin the same or similar manner as that described above with reference toFIG. 6.

In yet another method for producing the core member 34, a bank ofvertical punches and underlying die buttons (not shown) may by used.Such punches and die buttons may travel in a synchronized linear motionwith the foamed core sheet 80 while making the through-cuts in thefoamed sheet 80 to form the apertures 40. The punches may make verticalpenetration strokes to form the through-cuts, and after with-drawingfrom the penetration stroke, the bank of punches may return to a startposition and again synchronize with the moving core sheet 80 for thenext penetration sequence. As shown in FIG. 10, for example, a method650 for producing the core member 534 is provided. Illustratively, thefoamed core sheet 80 is produced in the same manner as that describedabove in regards to FIGS. 6 and 7. Once the foamed core sheet 80 isformed, the first set of rollers 92 advances the foamed core sheet 80 toa transversing punch 696. As noted above, the first set of rollers 92operate to cool the foamed core sheet 80 as it leaves the extruder 90and is moved toward the punch 696. Illustratively, while only lowerrollers 92 are shown in FIG. 10, it should be understood that upperrollers 92 may be provided as well. Further, it should be understoodthat while only a single upper and lower roller 92 is shown in FIGS. 6and 7, a plurality of lower and/or upper rollers 92 may be provided inorder to advance and cool the foamed core sheet 80 from the extruder 90to the transversing punch cutter 696.

Once the foamed core sheet 80 is advanced to the transversing punch 696,the transversing punch 696 similarly operates to pierce the core sheet80 in order to form the apertures 40 therethrough. Illustratively, thetransversing punch 696 includes an upper platform 698 including thevertical punches 700 extending downwardly therefrom. The transversingpunch 696 illustratively extends across a height of the foamed coresheet 80 from a top edge 50 of the sheet to a bottom edge 52 of thesheet. The transversing punch 696 further includes a lower platform 702coupled to the upper platform 698 for back and forth movement (shown byarrow 652) therewith. Illustratively, the transversing punch 696 restson a table 704 for back and forth movement across the width of the table704.

As noted above, the foamed core sheet 80 is approximately 350° F. uponleaving the extruder 90 and is illustratively cooled by the chilledrollers 92 to approximately 250° F. when the transversing punch 696forms the apertures 40 therein. As this hot foamed core sheet 80advances toward the punch 696, the punch 696 moves back and forth alongthe table 704 while the vertical punches 700 operate to pierce the coresheet 80 to form the apertures 40 therethrough. The core slugs (notshown) produced from piercing the core sheet 80 may fall below and beremoved from the process for subsequent recycling. Once the core member534 is formed through the use of the transversing punch 696, thecomposite panel 522 (shown in FIG. 12) is formed in the same or similarmanner as that described above with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

Illustratively, and similar to that discussed above in FIGS. 6 and 7,the composite panels 22, 522 including the respective core members 34,534 are produced continuously in a line using a “hot” foamed core sheet80 of approximately 250° F. The apertures 40 are formed in the foamedcore sheet 80 while the foamed core sheet 80 is still “hot.”Illustratively, it should be understood that the term “hot” should notbe limited to a temperature of approximately 250° F., but rather shouldrefer simply to a foamed core sheet 80 that remains rather pliable andflexible and that has not cooled to a state where it is not flexible orpliable and/or has not cooled to room temperature. It should also beunderstood that the heat from the hot foamed core sheet 80 may affectthe tolerances of the equipment used to the punch the apertures 40 inthe sheet 80. As such, the equipment, such as the dies 94, 194 and thepunch 696 may need to be cooled as they are operating to pierce theapertures 40 in the foamed core sheet 80.

Looking now to FIG. 8, a method 350 for making a composite panel 322including the core member 134 shown in FIG. 5 is schematicallyillustrated. Illustratively, much of the process includes the same orsimilar steps as that described above with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7;as such, like reference numerals are used to denote like components. Inparticular, the foamed core sheet 80 is produced in the same manner asthat described above in regards to FIGS. 6 and 7. Once the foamed coresheet 80 is formed, the first set of rollers 92 advances the foamed coresheet 80 to a rotary die cutter 294 including an upper die roller 296and a lower roller 298. As shown in FIG. 8, the upper die roller 296includes roller mounted protrusions 300 in the shape of knife-likeblades. Illustratively, the blades 300 are thin and slender and operateto pierce the extruded foamed core sheet 80 in a predetermined patternas the foamed core sheet 80 is advanced between the upper die roller 296and the lower roller 298. The blades 300 react against the bottom roller298 to create slots 302 within the foamed core 80.

Looking still to FIG. 8, the roller mounted blades 300 operate to piercethe core sheet 80 in a regular pattern. Illustratively, the slots 302formed in the foamed core sheet 80 define a longitudinal axis that isparallel to the longitudinal axis of the foamed core sheet 80. In otherwords, the length of the slots 302 extends along the length of thefoamed core sheet 80 such that the slots 302 are also parallel to theupper and lower edges 81, 83 of the foamed core sheet 80. As isdiscussed below, while the illustrative slots 302 extend along a lengthof the foamed core sheet 30, it is within the scope of this disclosureform slots 302 which are not parallel to the length, or longitudinalaxis, of the foamed core sheet 80 and which are, therefore, angledrelative to the longitudinal axis of the foamed core sheet 80.

As opposed to the processes 150, 250 described above (and shownschematically in FIGS. 6 and 7), the die cutting process 350 of FIG. 8does not create or displace any slugs of material from the core sheet80. As such, illustratively, no such slugs of material need be extractedfrom the bottom roller 298 for subsequent recycling or reuse.

Once the slots 302 are formed in the core sheet 80, the now-slotted coresheet 80 is then subjected to width-wise forces 310 to expand the coresheet 80 and the slots 302 formed therein to create the generallydiamond-shaped slots 140 of the core member 134. The expanding force 310is applied at right angles to the core process flow thereby creating theapertures 140 that are generally diamond-shaped. In particular, as shownschematically in FIG. 8, the width-wise forces 310 operated to exert anoutward force on the slotted core sheet 80 in outward directionsperpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the foamed core sheet 80. Suchoutward force 310 operates to increase the width of the slotted foamedcore sheet 80 while also pulling apart the opposite edges 141, 143defining each slot 302 in order to form the generally diamond-shapedslots 140. This geometry and increased core width is illustrativelyretained as the core member 134 is cooled. Illustratively, one or bothcore sheet edges 81, 83 may be left clear of proximate perforationsthereby leaving a continuous material strip for subsequent joining bythe use of mechanical or other fastening systems. Once the core member134 is formed through the use of the die cutter 294, the composite panel322 is formed in the same or similar manner as that described above withreference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

Alternatively, it should be understood that rather than passing thefoamed core sheet 80 through the rotary die cutter 294, as describedabove and shown in FIG. 8, the protrusions 300 may be mounted to a bankof punches (not shown) which are actuated in a vertical motion insynchronism with the moving core sheet 80 in order to create the slots302 in the sheet 80.

Looking now to FIG. 9, a method 450 for making another composite panel422 including an alternative core member 234 is schematicallyillustrated. Illustratively, much of the process 450 includes the sameor similar steps as that described above with reference to FIGS. 6-8; assuch, like reference numerals are used to denote like components. Inparticular, the foamed core sheet 80 is produced in the same manner asthat described above in regards to FIGS. 6-8. Once the foamed core sheet80 is formed, the first set of rollers 92 advances the foamed core sheet80 to a rotary die cutter 394 including an upper die roller 396 and alower roller 398. As shown in FIG. 9, the upper die roller 396 includesroller mounted protrusions 400 in the shape of knife-like blades.Illustratively, as opposed to the protrusions 300 of the upper dieroller 296 shown in FIG. 8, a longitudinal axis of the protrusions 400is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the upper die roller 396 itself.Illustratively, the blades 400 are similarly thin and slender andoperate to pierce the extruded foamed core sheet 80 in a predeterminedpattern as the foamed core sheet 80 is advanced between the upper dieroller 396 and the lower roller 398. The blades 400 react against thebottom roller 398 to create slots 402 within the foamed core 80.

Illustratively, the roller mounted blades 400 pierce the core sheet 80in a regular pattern to produce slots 402 at right angles to the coreedges 81, 83. In particular, the illustrative slots 402 formed in thefoamed core sheet 80 define a longitudinal axis that is perpendicular tothe longitudinal axis of the foamed core sheet 80. In other words, thelength of the slots 402 extends perpendicularly to the length of thefoamed core sheet 80 such that the slots 402 are also perpendicular tothe upper and lower edges 81, 83 of the foamed core sheet 80. Similar tothe die cutting process 350 of FIG. 8, little or no slugs of materialare created or displaced from the core sheet 80 when the slots 402 areformed.

Once the slots 402 are formed in the foamed core sheet 80, thenow-slotted core sheet 80 is then passed through upper and lowerpull-rollers 406, 408. The pull-rollers 406, 408 operate to subject theslotted core sheet 80 to length-wise, or tensile, forces 410 in thedirection of travel to expand the core sheet 80 and the slots 402 formedtherein. Subjecting the slots 402 to these tensile forces expands theslots 402 to create generally diamond-shaped slots or apertures 240 ofthe core member 234. As shown schematically in FIG. 9, the lengthwiseforces 410 operate to exert a force on the slotted core sheet 80 alongthe length of the sheet 80 to increase the length of the slotted foamedsheet 80 while also pulling apart the opposite edges 141, 143 definingeach slot 402 in order to form the generally diamond-shaped slots 240.Illustratively, as opposed to the diamond-shaped slots 140 of the coremember 134 shown in FIGS. 5 and 8, a length of the diamond-shaped slots240 of the core member 234 is perpendicular to the length of the coremember 134. Once the core member 234 is formed through the use of thedie cutter 394, the composite panel 422 is formed in the same or similarmanner as that described above with reference to FIGS. 6-8.

Again, alternatively, it should be understood that rather than passingthe foamed core sheet 80 through the rotary die cutter 394, as describedabove and shown in FIG. 9, the protrusions 400 may be mounted to a bankof punches (not shown) which are actuated in a vertical motion insynchronism with the moving core sheet 80 in order to create the slots402 in the sheet 80.

While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in theforegoing drawings and description, the same is to be considered asillustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood thatonly illustrative embodiments thereof have been shown and described andthat all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of theinvention are desired to be protected. In particular, a foamed coremember, such as the foamed core members 34, 134, 534, includes apertures40, 140 formed through a thickness (i.e., from the outer surface 42 tothe inner surface 44) of the core member. The apertures of such a foamedcore member of the present disclosure may be any suitable shape andsize. The apertures may be spaced any suitable distance apart from eachother and may be arranged in any suitable pattern and/or may be arrangedrandomly. Illustratively, the apertures are not interconnected and nosingle aperture extends between a top edge and a bottom edge of any coremember to create a continuous void from the top edge to the bottom edge.Further, no single aperture extends between the side edges of any coremember to create a continuous void from the side edges of the coremember. The apertures of a core member of the present disclosure may beopen to the top, bottom, and side edges 50, 52, 54. Alternatively, theapertures of a core member of the present disclosure may be spaced-apartfrom the top, bottom, and side edges 50, 52, 54 such that the top,bottom, and side edges of the core member are generally continuous anddo not include any formed, or manufactured, voids formed therein. Theapertures may be spaced-apart any suitable distance from the edges 50,52, 54 of the core member. In particular, a distance that isperpendicular from any edge 50, 52, 54 and the center of any adjacentaperture may illustratively be in the range of approximately 0.50inch-6.00 inches. However, it should be understood that such a distancebetween the apertures and the edges may be greater than or less than theabove-referenced range.

1. A trailer, comprising: a front wall; a rear wall opposite the frontwall; a first sidewall, the first sidewall formed by a first continuouslaminate panel that extends an entire length of the first sidewall; anda second sidewall, the second sidewall formed by a second continuouslaminate panel that extends an entire length of the second sidewall, thefirst continuous laminate panel and the second continuous laminate paneleach comprising: a first skin, a second skin opposite the first skin,and a perforated core between the first skin and the second skin.
 2. Thetrailer of claim 1, wherein the perforated core includes a perforatedregion including a plurality of apertures and an unperforated regionfree from apertures.
 3. The trailer of claim 2, wherein the unperforatedregion surrounds the perforated region.
 4. The trailer of claim 3,wherein the perforated region includes the plurality of aperturesarranged in a plurality of rows.
 5. The trailer of claim 4, wherein theplurality of rows includes a top horizontal row of apertures spaced afirst vertical distance from a top edge of the perforated core and abottom horizontal row of apertures spaced a second vertical distancefrom a bottom edge of the perforated core, the unperforated regionspanning the first vertical distance from the top edge to the tophorizontal row and the second vertical distance from the bottom edge tothe bottom horizontal row.
 6. The trailer of claim 4, wherein theplurality of rows includes a first vertical row of apertures spaced afirst horizontal distance from a right edge of the perforated core and asecond vertical row of apertures spaced a second horizontal distancefrom a left edge of the perforated core, the unperforated regionspanning the first horizontal distance from the right edge to the firstvertical row and the second horizontal distance from the left edge tothe second vertical row.
 7. The trailer of claim 4, wherein theplurality of rows includes a plurality of horizontal rows spaced apartfrom each other at equal distances.
 8. The trailer of claim 4, whereinthe plurality of rows includes a plurality of horizontal rows spacedapart from each other at different distances.
 9. The trailer of claim 2,further comprising an upper rail, wherein the first sidewall is coupledto the upper rail.
 10. The trailer of claim 9, wherein the firstsidewall is coupled to the upper rail via fasteners that extend throughthe unperforated region.
 11. The trailer of claim 1, wherein theperforated core comprises a foamed thermal plastic.
 12. A compositepanel for use in a sidewall of a trailer, the composite panelcomprising: an outer metal sheet; an inner metal sheet; and a coremember positioned between the inner metal sheet and the outer metalsheet, the core member comprising: a top edge, a bottom edge, a rightedge, and a left edge, a perforated region comprising a plurality ofrows of apertures formed therethrough, the plurality of rows eachseparated from one another by a first distance, and an unperforatedregion free of apertures, the unperforated region extending from the topedge to the perforated region by a second distance different from thefirst distance.
 13. The composite panel of claim 12, wherein theunperforated region surrounds the perforated region.
 14. The compositepanel of claim 12, wherein the unperforated region extends from thebottom edge to the perforated region by the second distance.
 15. Thecomposite panel of claim 12, wherein the unperforated region extendsfrom the right edge to the perforated region by a third distancedifferent from the first distance.
 16. A trailer, comprising: a frontwall; a rear wall opposite the front wall; a first sidewall including afirst laminate panel; and a second sidewall including a second laminatepanel, the first laminate panel and the second laminate panel eachcomprising: a first edge, a second edge, a first skin, a second skinopposite the first skin, and a perforated core between the first skinand the second skin, the perforated core comprising a plurality of rowsof apertures formed therethrough, and an aperture-free band extendingfrom the first edge to the second edge, the aperture-free band receivinga fastener therethrough.
 17. The trailer of claim 16, wherein the firstedge is a top edge and the second edge is a bottom edge.
 18. The trailerof claim 16, wherein the first edge is a right edge and the second edgeis a left edge.
 19. The trailer of claim 16 and further comprising anupper rail, wherein the aperture-free band aligns with the upper rail tocouple one of the first laminate panel and the second laminate panel tothe upper rail via the fastener extending through the aperture-free bandand the upper rail.
 20. The trailer of claim 16, wherein the firstlaminate panel and the second laminate panel are each a continuous panelthat extends from the front wall to the rear wall.
 21. A method ofcontinuously forming a composite panel along a single production line,the method comprising: forming a hot thermal plastic sheet of material;providing the hot thermal plastic sheet of material to a punch havingpunch members protruding outwardly therefrom; displacing slugs ofmaterial from the hot thermal plastic sheet of material via the punchmembers, the punch members arranged on the punch to create: a perforatedregion in the hot thermal plastic sheet of material comprising aplurality of rows of apertures formed therethrough, the plurality ofrows each separated from one another by a first distance, and anunperforated region in the hot thermal plastic sheet of material free ofapertures, the unperforated region extending from a top edge of the hotthermal plastic sheet of material to the perforated region by a seconddistance different from the first distance; and coupling an outer metalsheet and an inner metal sheet to opposite surfaces of the hot thermalplastic sheet of material.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the punchmembers are further arranged on the punch to create different distancesbetween apertures in each of the plurality of rows.